Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a problem with (or combination of) inattentiveness, over-activity and impulsivity out of the normal range for that individual’s age and development.

ADHD is considered the one of the most common behavioural disorders in children. It is generally more prevalent in boys and sometimes continues until adulthood.

The definitive cause of ADHD is not known, however, scientific research suggests it is primarily genetic with a combination of other factors, including:

• Slow development of the prefrontel cortex of the brain which controls an individual’s “executive functions”, (e.g. managing frustration, restraining outbursts, planning, problem solving and keeping focused).
• Children with low birth weight, trauma during birth, head injury or subject to passive smoking have shown increased incidence of ADHD
• Children subject to unstable family environments increases the likelihood of ADHD developing in a child who is already at risk

There is no scientific evidence indicating that ADHD is learnt or passed on socially, nor related to diet.

The typical symptoms of ADHD fall into the following three groups:

Inattention

• Often does not give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities
• Often has trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities
• Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
• Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork or chores
• Often has trouble organising activities
• Often avoids, dislikes, or doesn’t want to do things that take a lot of mental effort for a long period of time (e.g. schoolwork or homework)
• Often loses things needed for tasks and activities (e.g. toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools)
• Is often easily distracted
• Is often forgetful in daily activities

Hyperactivity

• Often fidgets with hands or feet when remaining still is expected
• Often gets up from seat when remaining in seat is expected
• Often excessively runs about or climbs when not appropriate
• Often has trouble playing or doing leisure activities quietly
• Is often “on the go” or often acts as if “driven by a motor”
• Often talks excessively

Impulsivity

• Often blurts out answers before questions have been finished
• Often has trouble waiting one’s turn
• Often interrupts or intrudes on others

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals of all ages, including those living in Singapore. According to recent studies, approximately 5% of children in Singapore are diagnosed with ADHD, making it one of the most common childhood disorders. This article will provide valuable information on ADHD in Singapore, including its causes, symptoms, and available therapy options.

Causes of ADHD in Singapore

ADHD is a complex disorder that can be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. In Singapore, some of the common causes of ADHD include:

1. Genetics: ADHD tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component to the disorder.
2. Brain development: Differences in brain development, particularly in the areas of the brain responsible for attention and impulse control, can contribute to the development of ADHD.
3. Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins, such as lead or pesticides, during pregnancy or early childhood may increase the risk of developing ADHD.

Symptoms of ADHD in Singapore

The symptoms of ADHD can vary from person to person, but some common signs to look out for include:

1. Difficulty paying attention or staying focused on tasks
2. Impulsivity, such as interrupting others or acting without thinking
3. Hyperactivity, such as constant fidgeting or restlessness
4. Forgetfulness and disorganization
5. Difficulty completing tasks or following instructions
6. Mood swings or emotional instability
7. Low self-esteem and poor social skills

Management Options for ADHD in Singapore

Fortunately, there are many effective therapy options available for ADHD in Singapore. These include:

1. Behavioral therapy: Behavioral therapy, such as parent training or social skills training, can help individuals with ADHD learn coping strategies and improve their social and emotional functioning.
2. Lifestyle changes: Eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and getting enough sleep can all help improve ADHD symptoms.
3. Support groups: Joining a support group for ADHD can provide individuals with a sense of community and help them feel less isolated.
4. Medication for severe cases

ADHD is a common disorder that can have a significant impact on an individual’s daily life. However, with the right therapy and support, it is possible to manage the symptoms of ADHD and lead a fulfilling life. If you or someone you know is struggling with ADHD in Singapore, it is important to seek professional help as soon as possible. With the right resources and support, it is possible to overcome ADHD and achieve success in all areas of life.